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14.1 倒装句之全部倒装 , k# T' P% J* ?) ?6 e S7 @7 R' m
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4 m7 r5 O, t# X0 ]6 s 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和 一般过去时。常见的结构有: g7 b6 w* j! x8 l5 S0 \
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。
5 y4 @$ |/ O* s There goes the bell.
) L0 Q& W# F. ?$ [7 b Then came the chairman.# o" q A. T3 R' h9 e, G) o. l
Here is your letter.3 S0 k% A# S% R6 {% e4 F* P+ I+ a
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2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。! _) d3 M' T O+ P- t9 o: {. Q7 i1 d
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
( B& y c6 D/ D Ahead sat an old woman.' c0 I e9 Z* J; R" t2 C/ r
; V7 U0 E9 p! h+ n 注意:上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。' F0 }) i+ V: M, v
Here he comes. Away they went.4 S8 N0 P4 y2 Z
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5 u. N G, K3 [4 m: O/ p" l, q14.2 倒装句之部分倒装
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4 [& w! v! U9 T/ o3 T 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
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1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。
8 P9 d1 o# p$ A9 t) A Never have I seen such a performance.; t+ x" [. j. |8 a
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
) s- y7 ^3 C. V) [) V/ F/ U# w Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
# E$ N# n; p) ~# w( e 当Not until引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装。
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注意: 如否定词不在句首不倒装。, H: d; [2 u8 y, f
I have never seen such a performance.
. k8 i0 }$ b, k% n: k The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.8 s1 E; s# R, r2 k4 Y, K
' U) U* s/ z4 ^/ J' j7 O典型例题
^6 n: J M$ R* X' m# ?# h" s& W" M1) Why can't I smoke here?
- X$ z: V8 k4 I- \9 h" S" i/ P0 | At no time___ in the meeting-room
, L8 s5 p, G' d4 w4 aA. is smoking permitted ; N" e' h1 Z+ n- e
B. smoking is permitted - L- t& Y, W# Q/ e* y2 D2 v
C. smoking is it permitted D.does smoking permit0 ]6 \" o: i& I& p
答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时,其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time." M5 Q' x( t% i N6 j
2) Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.- T; x7 r; ^4 @; y& W
A. man did know B. man know C. didn't man know D. did man know, t) j( U" D! ^9 E! k' t; G
答案D. 看到Not until…的句型,我们知道为一倒装句,答案在C,D 中选一个。
, l0 @: B, f; G( h 改写为正常语序为,Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前,后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。0 V: w( o! q; E( |
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