为什么发汗是最好的降温方法?

2009-2-2 08:25| 发布者: aizy_cn| 查看: 555| 评论: 7

人是哺乳动物，体温恒定在36℃～37℃之间，体温的发生是体内糖和脂肪氧化产生热量的过程，体温的发散主要是通过皮肤血液的增减即血管神经性调节及皮肤和肺的散热调节两种方式来进行，产热与散热的动态平衡使体温维持恒定。临床上患者出现发热，体温高于37.5℃ 时，可以用各种手段来降温，但通过皮肤发汗是最快捷最有效的方法。

皮肤散热占总散热量的90%，其物理学机理有四种：辐射、对流、传导和蒸发。当外界温度低于体温时，辐射、对流、传导散热效果较为明显；当外界温度等于或超过皮肤温度时，辐射、传导和对流等散热方式停止作用，此时蒸发成了唯一的散热形式。由于水的比热大，汗水变蒸气时需要大量热量，蒸发1ml汗液可带走585卡的热量，从而使皮肤冷却降温。所以临床上高热的病人一般身上无汗，一经用药排汗发汗后，体温可迅速降低。

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